In recent years, new methods of memorial service have emerged, such as tree burials and scattering of ashes. While the word "kuyo" originally comes from Buddhism, in Japan it is often understood as simply offering prayers for the deceased. However, the form of memorial service commonly practiced in Japan today is a combination of cultural and religious elements. The idea that visiting graves during Obon or Higan (the Japanese equinox) to feel the presence of the deceased is a concept embodied in animism, Buddhism, and Confucianism, which worship nature. Christianity and Judaism are monotheistic, and God is the sole object of prayer. They believe that the deceased rest peacefully after death and will be assigned to heaven or hell at the final judgment. Therefore, there is no soul in the grave, and continuing to mourn the dead is considered idolatry. However, this does not mean that people have little regard for the dead; it simply means that fundamental feelings differ depending on the religion they believe in.
There are also cultures that do not leave graves. In Islamic countries such as Saudi Arabia, burial is the norm, but grave markers are often not placed. Sky burial is common in Mongolia. If a body is left on the plains, animals will eat it and it will eventually disappear.
In Japan, most people bury their remains in a grave, but globally, the norm is to cremate the remains and return them to nature. In India, ashes are scattered in the Ganges River, returning them to the cycle of nature in the hope of reincarnation and becoming something else.
Various forms of memorial services have emerged today, reflecting the diversification and fusion of cultures and customs rooted in various regions around the world. Feelings are more important than formality, and the idea of mourning in one's own way is becoming more common. Even in Christian-centered Western countries, displaying photographs of deceased family members has become more common than enshrining statues of Jesus Christ. This can be seen as a pure expression of a desire to remember those who have passed away naturally, transcending religious boundaries. We are now in an era in which we must transcend the boundaries of specific religions and regional customs and reexamine the meaning of traditional culture itself. |